Ilhan AE, Cengiz B, Caypinar Eser B. Double-Blind Comparison of Ultrasonic and Conventional Osteotomy in Terms of Early Postoperative Edema and Ecchymosis. Aesthet Surg J. 2016.
This discussion compares postoperative edema and ecchymosis after ultrasonic and conventional osteotomy. The expert commentary emphasizes that recovery varies according to technique and that swelling remains difficult to quantify consistently.
The paper also invites discussion about the many medical and surgical variables that can affect postoperative swelling in rhinoplasty.